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When contemplating divorce in India, the image of a lengthy, cumbersome process often comes to mind—endless discussions, mountains of paperwork, and added stress. In such challenging times, especially with an uncontested divorce, the goal is to minimize further complications. Thankfully, with Kanoon360.com, you can leave your worries behind. We’re here to assist you in seeking legal advice from our skilled divorce lawyers at Kanoon360, ensuring a seamless process.
With India’s most experienced divorce lawyers on our team, we provide top-notch legal assistance for all family matters. Our approach is result-oriented, effective, and affordable.
KINDS OF DIVORCE
Contested Divorce: A Contested Divorce occurs when one or both spouses dispute some aspect of their divorce, leading to prolonged proceedings, increased stress, and higher legal fees. While divorce judges often advocate for mediation and counseling to resolve disputes, court trials become necessary if alternative methods fail.
Mutual Divorce: When both husband and wife are prepared for divorce and mutually agree on separation terms, including child custody, division of joint assets, and alimony/maintenance, they can opt for a Mutual Consent Divorce. This method is regarded as the simplest and easiest way to obtain a divorce.
FORMS OF MARRIAGE ACT IN INDIA
In India, the dissolution of marriage for Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, Parsis, Christians, and Muslims is regulated by the following marriage Acts:
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For Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhist's and Jains is governed by Marriage Act, 1955.
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For Muslims by the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939.
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For Christians, it is governed by the Indian Divorce Act, 1869.
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For Parsis by the Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act, 1936.
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For Special Marriage Act, 1954.
OTHER PROBLEM AREAS ASSOCIATED TO DIVORCE
Maintenance
Maintenance is a crucial aspect of matrimonial proceedings, ensuring financial support for a spouse who lacks the means to sustain themselves. There are two categories of maintenance:
Interim Maintenance: This type of maintenance is provided during the duration of the court proceedings. It aims to ensure that neither party is disadvantaged or placed in a weaker position while the case is ongoing.
Permanent Maintenance: Awarded upon the conclusion of the entire case, permanent maintenance may be provided periodically or monthly, depending on the specific circumstances and facts of the case.
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence transcends socio-economic boundaries, affecting individuals across all strata of society, including prominent figures. Recognizing the signs of domestic violence can be challenging, and many victims hesitate to report their abuse due to feelings of shame and guilt. Additionally, familial support may not always be forthcoming, further complicating the situation.
Proving domestic violence in India can be complex, requiring the expertise of a compassionate and knowledgeable lawyer. A skilled domestic violence lawyer can advocate for maximum benefits for the victim while developing effective strategies to counter false allegations and secure justice.
498 A AND OTHER MARRIAGE RELATED CRIMNIAL PROCEEDINGS
Following are the relevant provisions of IPC (Indian Penal Code) applicable to marriage disputes:
IPC Section | Description |
304B | Dowry Death |
493 | Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage |
494 | Marrying again during lifetime of Husband or Wife |
495 | Same Offence (as in 494) with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted |
496 | Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage |
497 | Adultery |
498 | Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman |
498a | Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty |
Furthermore, offenses can be charged under the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, and IPC Section 406 (Criminal Breach of Trust). In such instances, the husband and his relatives may seek interim protection, anticipatory bail, and regular bail. Our expertise lies in providing comprehensive legal services, both in defense and prosecution. We strive to negotiate effectively and facilitate settlements between the parties, mitigating the need for prolonged and traumatic criminal proceedings.
Child Custody
In divorce proceedings, one of the most emotionally challenging issues is that of child custody. Children, regardless of their age, often bear the brunt of the situation through no fault of their own. The guiding principle in determining custody is the ‘best interests of the child.’ Therefore, the parent who can better attend to the child’s emotional, educational, social, and medical needs is typically favored.
Custody is not determined solely by the parent’s earning capacity, but rather by their ability to provide a safe and nurturing environment. Even a stay-at-home mother may be granted custody, with the father being responsible for child support.
When the child is under five years old, the mother is typically favored as the custodial parent. The opinion of a child over nine years old may be taken into consideration. The non-custodial parent may be granted various types of visitation rights based on the circumstances and convenience, such as weekly, fortnightly, daily, or monthly visits.
It is crucial to engage an emotionally mature and experienced Matrimonial Lawyer to handle cases concerning Child Custody – We at Kanoon360 understand your plight and will help you in way possible.
Restitution of Conjugal Rights
Section 9 of Hindu Marriage Act – Reinstatement of Marital Obligations: If either the husband or the wife has, without reasonable justification, withdrawn from the companionship of the other, the affected party may seek redress by petitioning the district court for the reinstatement of marital obligations. Upon being convinced of the accuracy of the claims presented in such a petition and finding no legal impediment to granting the request, the court may issue a decree for the reinstatement of marital obligations.
Explanation: In cases where the justification for withdrawal from companionship is questioned, the burden of proving reasonable justification lies with the party who initiated the withdrawal.
If one spouse leaves the presence and companionship of the other, a petition for restitution of conjugal rights can be filed in court. The court may then order the absent spouse to return to the company of their partner. However, in the context of matrimonial disputes, this legal recourse may not always be strategically beneficial, as commonly believed. It is typically recommended only if genuine efforts to reconcile with one’s spouse are being pursued.
FIR Quashing under 482 CrPC
The First Information Report (FIR) is a written document compiled by the police upon receiving information about the commission of a cognizable offence. It represents the initial report of information received by the police, hence its name.
In matrimonial cases, it’s common for disputes between spouses to be resolved after the FIR is registered, leading to the need for the FIR to be quashed.
To begin your process of FIR Quashing, kindly fill out the contact form. (Service only available in West Bengal other state services to open soon)
Annulment of Marriage
A Hindu marriage can be declared null and void if:
- One of the parties has a living spouse at the time of the marriage.
- The parties are within the degrees of prohibited relationship, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits marriage between them.
- The parties are sapindas of each other, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits marriage between them.
A hindu marriage can be voidable and can be annulled if:
The marriage has not been consummated due to the impotency of the respondent.
At the time of the marriage, either party:
- Is incapable of giving valid consent due to unsoundness of mind, or
- Although capable of giving valid consent, has been suffering from a mental disorder of such a nature or extent as to be unfit for marriage and procreation of children.
The respondent was pregnant at the time of the marriage by someone other than the petitioner.
The consent of the petitioner, or where the consent of the petitioner’s guardian in marriage was required under Section 5 before the commencement of the Child Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Act, 1978, the consent of such guardian was obtained by force or fraud regarding the nature of the ceremony or any material fact or circumstance concerning the respondent.
Counselling & Mediation
Counselling and Mediation play pivotal roles in resolving matrimonial disputes effectively. We specialize in facilitating two types of Mediation & Counselling:
Mediation & Counselling aimed at preserving the marriage. Often, misunderstandings jeopardize marital harmony, which can be addressed through constructive Mediation & Counselling sessions.
In cases where separation becomes inevitable, our seasoned experts at Kanoon360 provides specialized Mediation & Counselling services to ensure that parties avoid the time-consuming and costly process of contested divorces. We endeavour to persuade parties to amicably settle their differences, thus opting for Mutual Divorce over contested proceedings.
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OUR BENEFITS
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Typically, it takes about six months to wrap up the proceedings, starting from when the case is filed (first motion). But thanks to a September 2017 ruling by the Hon’ble Supreme Court, this six-month timeframe can be waived after just one week from filing the case (first motion). The family judge has the discretion to waive this period. Consequently, the second and final motion can occur any time after one week from filing the case (first motion).
Opting for Divorce by Mutual Consent stands as the top choice for legal separation in India. To ensure a swift and smooth divorce process, it’s crucial to enlist the expertise of a seasoned divorce lawyer. At Kanoon360, we offer a comprehensive package for the entire divorce proceedings.
In this scenario, the proceedings will come to a halt. The only option for the other party is to initiate a one-sided case, or alternatively, wait for the other party to agree to mutual divorce.
Here are the grounds for divorce:
- Adultery
- Cruelty
- Desertion
- Conversion to another religion
- Unsoundness of mind or mental disorder
- Virulent and incurable form of leprosy
- Venereal disease
- Leprosy
- Renunciation
- Desertion
- Not heard alive for a period of seven years or more
- No resumption of cohabitation
Here’s an overview of the key steps in a divorce litigation process:
- Discuss the grounds for divorce with your lawyer and provide all relevant facts.
- Your lawyer will draft your case based on your discussion.
- The case is filed in the appropriate Family Court.
- Once filed, the case is listed for consideration by the Court. If the Court finds the case satisfactory, it issues notice or summons to the other party.
- Upon receiving notice or summons, the opposite party must file a reply. If they fail to appear despite receiving notice, the Court may proceed in their absence.
- The Family Court frames issues, which are the points of adjudication by the Court and on which both parties must provide evidence.
Marriage counseling, a form of psychotherapy, assists couples in identifying and resolving conflicts while enhancing their relationships. It provides a platform to carefully consider options for either rebuilding and strengthening the relationship or pursuing separate paths.
If you’re encountering challenges in your marriage, it’s wise to attempt resolving them independently or with the support of family members initially. However, if the issues persist, seeking guidance from a professional marriage counselor is recommended. Many couples rush into ending their marriage hastily, only to regret it later. Therefore, before opting for legal separation, it’s sensible to explore marriage counseling as a potential avenue for resolution.